chukar partridge recipe. Instructions. chukar partridge recipe

 
 Instructionschukar partridge recipe  There was no

Egg turning: 4 times a day. Ideal flavours for partridge; Our favourite partridge recipes; In the UK, the two main types of partridge are the red legged partridge (also known as the French partridge) and the grey partridge (or English partridge). Chukar Hunting is Hard and That is Why We Do it. Aaron Linfante is the owner of Battle Born Bird Dogs located in Reno, Nevada. Pour any melted butter and juices over them and loosely tent with foil. Chukar Partridges are native to the Middle East and southern Asia. The chukar partridge makes its home on steep, rugged country, making it a tough quarry. From pinterest. Iraq National Bird Chukar Partridge Facts: This bird is about 35cm long and has a grey breast and light brown back. Carefully place the prepared Chukar in the oven and roast for about 20 minutes, or until the skin turns a beautiful golden-brown color all around. Remove the fat from the inside of the partridge cavity, slice off the tail and discard. From best runners to the strongest fliers, learn more about our options and let us help you determine which one is best for your location, purpose, and circumstances. To cook, heat an oven-safe (preferably cast-iron) skillet to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Add remaining ingredients. The six types are: Manchurian/Ringneck Cross, Melanistic Mutant, Chukar/Redleg, Chinese Ringneck, Kansas Ringneck, and Extra Large Ringneck. Add cider; reduce until almost dry. The minimum order is 3000, please call 1-800-345-8348 for a freight quote. The chukar partridge The chukar partridge originates from Asia and Europe. cm inch. . 16 fresh sage leaves 8 large, thin slices prosciutto 8 chukar breast halves (4 whole breasts) 4 tablespoons all-purpose flour ½ teaspoons freshly ground black pepper 2 tablespoons olive oil 4 tablespoons butter ¾. Stir in the remaining butter until melted. A l ate-season rooster will make some of the most well-trained dogs come unraveled while trying to. Stuff the sausage into the casings. rufa × (A. , 2015 ). we have been importing these Red-Legged Partridge eggs for three years now directly from L’envol de Retz in France. Male and female similar. For so long, it was drilled into my head that anything above 40 degrees was in the “danger zone” and at. Once hot, add onions and cook 5-10 minutes, until browned at edges. Add butter to the pan. The ruffed grouse (pictured at the right and at the top of the story) does indeed live in Ohio. It is native to Asia including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Jordan,. Chukars have a striking and distinct plumage pattern. Add the chicken stock. 202 birds/ hae in all the study sites. Turn the heat down to 350°F and turn the grouse on one side. The chukar, like. Take the partridges out of the fridge and coat them with a sheen of oil. The bird substitutes for chicken in most recipes. Shop. Chukar Fried – Better than any Drive-Thru Dredged, Dipped, Breaded and Fried. Instructions. Rub chukar with olive oil and place bird upright near edge of steel, inches from the. This is a lovely, simple recipe for roast chukar; Hungarian partridges would work fine, too — as would a domestic Cornish game hen. Simply fry up each breast in a blend of breadcrumbs, parmesan cheese and. Features: Hungarian partridge have a gray-brown body with reddish brown barring on their wings, back and tail. Salt them well inside and out and set aside to come to room temperature while you chop the vegetables for the salad. Water is gold in the arid West. 4 Chukka partridge split in half length wise; 1 Cup Semolina flour; ¼ Cup Masa flour; ¼ Cup Ground roasted & salted Cashews; ½ Teaspoon salt; 10 Turns on pepper mill; ½ teaspoon Bugoni’s Bird Seasoning; ¼ Teaspoon. Let the pheasants smoke for 1 hour before painting on the maple syrup, then baste with the syrup every 30 minutes afterward. Both 20-gauge and 12-gauge guns are good choices for chukar hunting. It is an upland gaming bird. The Redleg has a white forehead and a broken black line on their neck and throat which distinguishes them from the chukar. After 1967, planting of game farm Chukar Partridge was phased out and the emphasis was put on other bird species (Mitchell 1990). The chukar hunting equation for increasing your luck in tracking down the elusive chukar partridge, or rather those red legg’ed devils, begins with finding water. Around the eye is a ring of red skin with the short beak also being colored red. One of my favorite go-to dishes for chukar is this simple Parmesan recipe. Overall, chukar numbers should be stable from west-central to east-central Idaho. The redleg, chukar, and hun (Hungarian) partridges range in size between a large quail ans a small ruffed grouse. Allow the partridges to cook sous vide until the core temperature reaches 56°C (approximately 20-25 minutes) Once cooked, take the bags out of the water oven and leave to rest for 10 minutes. Introduced from Eurasia, the sandy-brown Chukar is a game bird that lives in high desert plains of western North America, as well as in Hawaii and New Zealand. 5°F if you use a wet-bulb thermometer. Rub the inside of the partridge with sea salt. Get the latest in wild game cooking recipes, techniques, how-to, and butchering from upland birds, rabbit, squirrel, turkey, and other small game. Upon removing birds from brine, THOROUGHLY rinse all parts under cold water then pat dry with paper towels and place in fridge, skin side up, with plenty of room and ventilation so skin. Cost per bird: $2. Join us this week as we discuss Chukar hunting tips and tactics. 2. Reduce pan heat to medium-low and add the Marsala. It has a wide range across Eurasia and its popularity as a gamebird means it has been introduced widely. Although not native to Nor. Chukar: wily and delicious. It can save your dog pain and you money. The Chukar/Redleg is a cross between the Chukar Partridge and the French Redleg. Add seared chukar pieces along with another ½ cup chicken stock. Cherry Oatmeal Cookies. Do not crowd the pan and adjust the heat so you get a good sear without scorching. Unlike the Huns, Nebraska’s chukar are not wild. They’re honeybadgerish on this point. 2°C (99°F) Incubator humidity: 55% or 84. The study showed that the Chukar partridge is trapped on a large scale in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip for several purposes, including obtaining its delicious meat, the beauty of its. No gamebirds can be raised with chickens. Overall pale sandy brownish-gray with bold black stripe on the face. Pour any melted butter and juices over them and loosely tent with foil. Add veal stock, juniper berries and bay leaves; bring to a simmer. Chukar Hunting Gear List: Clothing, Shot Sizes, Chokes, and Vests If you want to be a chukar hunter, start with gear and clothing suited for… by Eric Thompson4-6 cups of water. Gamebirds are suseptible to diseases and should be raised with gamebirds. The face is white with a black gorget. Bison Recipes. In a large, heavy frying pan, get the olive oil hot over medium-high heat. The chukar flies fast, but more often it runs across rocky terrain. Chukar Partridge is the name of the national bird of Pakistan. Typically, you can find the national bird of Pakistan in brown and grayish color combinations. Once the turkey or pheasant breast has been pounded, salt it well and set aside until it comes to room temperature, about 15 minutes. Start with trying 4 cups water, 6 cups whole milk, and 6 cups apple juice to make your one gallon of brine. Sprinkle with the onion and mushrooms. The Chukar has even found fame as the name and mascot of the Idaho Falls, Idaho minor league baseball team. The Chukar/Redleg Partridges are small flighty birds, known for their ability to fly and their zebra like stripes on the wings. The chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), usually just called chukar, is a medium-sized game bird of the pheasant family, or Phasianidae. S. The Chukar found mostly in New Zealand and other European countries. 3/15. Green grass leaves make up the majority of their diet in the late autumn and winter. 80. There are four sage grouse hunting areas in Wyoming: 1, 2, 3, and 4. Instructions. The chukar hunting equation for increasing your luck in tracking down the elusive chukar partridge, or rather those red legg’ed devils, begins with finding water. They also live on private land. To that end, it is important to hike smart, travel light, and enjoy the view. It is native to Asia and has been introduced into many other places and feral populations have established themselves in parts of North America and New Zealand. Quail season in western Oregon runs from September 1, 2023, through January 31, 2024, and, in eastern Oregon, from October 14th, 2023, through the end of January. Fill whole casings first. The genus contains seven species:Chukar Partridge is the national bird of Pakistan. Since quail is a smaller bird brining as little as. Chukar Partridge – Sold as Baby Chicks Only. It has a white face with such a black gorget on it. Refrigerate for 8 hours. Grouse, Chukar, or Pheasant Smothered in Sour C. Preheat oven to 425 degrees Fahrenheit. and more. Breeding season April-July (pairs are monogamous) Incubation period 23 Days. Serve with spaghetti noodles, creamy polenta or. The shades vary across the various populations. Take the birds out of their bags and drain. smoked Chukar breasts. On day 20, decrease the temperature to 98. I get a lot of questions on this YouTube channel about raising Chukar Partridges. Break the skinned squirrels down into 6 serving pieces by cutting off all four legs at the hip and shoulder joints, then cutting the body in half. Season split birds liberally with salt and pepper. Bird of Iraq has 14 feathers on the tail and is quite similar to rock partridge. Area 1 includes the vast majority of west-central Wyoming. (Baker City Herald/Kathy Orr). The Chukar inhabits arid and rocky terrains. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 C) Melt 1/4 C butter in skillet over high heat, and brown (sear) the cubed bird meat and put aside. Game Birds & Fowl Recipes. Chukar Partridge. It's a good game species, and excellent eating when young and tender. Season the pheasant breasts with salt and pepper then place in the pan and cook for 5 minutes. David Cloud, Way of Life Literature, P. Jack Hennessy grew up in the South Suburbs of Chicago and didn't start hunting until he attended graduate school in Spokane, Washington, at the age of 26. Step 2. If the nest fails, females will attempt to renest. Fresh Hungarian partridges (or chukar or quail), cleaned and separated by breast and legs. But I have cleaned them in the past and I deep them in real hot water and this will soften up the skin. The average weight range is 17. Eurasia is the origin of the bird Chakor. Season the partridge breasts with salt and pepper heat a heavy based frying pan until very hot add 1 tablespoon of oil to the pan then the breasts, skinned side down. Initially introduced into California in theRecipe: Pheasant on the Run Ingredients: Boneless pheasant breast (skin on preferred) Chicken on the Run Marinade Chicken on the Run Breading Equipment: Air Fryer Vacuum Tumbler or Vacuum Sealer (recommended) Directions: Marinade pheasant (skin on) in Chicken on the Run Marinade for 2-24 hours before cooking. The face is white with a black gorget. While their bodies are mostly gray (hence their other common name, gray partridge), their faces are orange or cinnamon colored (All About Birds 2018). Turn crockpot to high and cook for two hours. The chukar partridge (Alectoris gracea chukar), which originates from Central Asia, was first released in California in 1932, and its release continued through 1955. Dry sauté the mushrooms for several minutes, shaking often, until the mushrooms give up their water. Lay the spatchcocked bird in a nonreactive baking dish or roasting pan. Chukar partridges have also been known to cause damage to agricultural crops such as apples and potatoes (Christensen 1970). Simply fry up each breast in a blend of breadcrumbs, parmesan cheese and herbs until lightly golden brown. Hwy 51, Janesville, WI USA 53546 Hours: M-F 7:30am - 4:30pm, Sat 9am - 1pm CTPhysical charateristics. Duck Gizzard Confit. Directions. Boldly-patterned quail-like bird, often in small flocks on dry rocky slopes with sparse grass and brush. 1 cup celery (chopped) 1 cup yellow onion (chopped) Salt & pepper to taste. Sexes are similar, the female slightly smaller in size and lacking the spur. The male and female are similar in size and appearance. I've been finding advice, success/failure stories, and plenty of recipes. Chukar Partridge are considered a good choice for people just starting out in raising game birds. The longer you brine, the saltier the pheasant will become. Put them on a cooling rack and baste them with maple syrup one more time. 8 ( 6 ratings) Rate this recipe YIELDS 6 servings ADVERTISEMENT Ingredients The Partridge. The shades vary across the various populations. This little bird lends itself excellently to exotic spices and flavours. Chukar partridge - The chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), or simply chukar, is a Eurasian upland gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. Boldly-patterned quail-like bird, often in small flocks on dry rocky slopes with sparse grass and brush. Heat a large stockpot over medium-high heat. The 20-gauge’s advantage is being smaller and lighter while the bigger 12-gauge’s benefit is more shot in the pattern when you’re trying to hit a bird that flies fast. 996±0. Stir often and allow to simmer for half hour. g oz. 2016, Birds of Montana. Enjoy!!! Add spices during the last 5-10mins, if desired. Pheasant chicks & partridge chicks are shipped from March - August. There are two varieties in Israel today, the see-see partridge (Ammoperdix. Refrigerate for 3 to 4 hours, turning occasionally. Exploring what Makes Chukar Hunting Hard in the United States and Why we Love it. For coloration, they have sandy brown backs and dusty grey breasts. 2 whole-plucked chukar (also works with; Hungarian Partridge, Small forest grouse, and even large mountain quail) 4 tbsp rich fat; butter, olive oil, or duck fat. Our partridge comes Head/Feet On, 14-18 oz. Watch. Coarse salt &. Pale yellow to buff, spotted with reddish-brown. The majority of people enjoy having it at home. When the pheasants reach an internal temperature of 160°F in the thigh meat, take them out of the smoker. This is our upland game bird recipe modification of the classic Italian dish. One of my favorite upland game recipes for chukar and quail are these easy to make Parmesan Chukar and Quail Nuggets with Killer BBQ Sauce. Its flanks are striped with rufous, and its legs are bright red. Dredge it in the flour mixture. Still, for the sane person, chukar hunting can be a good idea. potatoes, quartered. The Partridge. 4. 5. It has rufous-streaked flanks, red legs and coral red bill. The practice of breeding and releasing captive-bred chukar and hybrids between chukar and red-legged partridge has been banned in the United Kingdom, as it is a threat to red-legged partridge populations. But these red-legged devils occupy some of the most “useless” land in the world, which might explain why much. Season the bird with salt and pepper to taste. 5 mins Read. Carefully sear thighs, legs, and wings—whatever will touch the skillet when your pheasant is on its side. Place birds in marinade and toss to coat. Submerge the birds in the brine, cover and refrigerate for up to 8 hours. Boldly-patterned quail-like bird, often in small flocks on dry rocky slopes with sparse grass and brush. Most public land chukar hunting involves long walks on rugged, steep terrain with a gun in your hand and little actual shooting. Also like chicken, chukars can get dry in a hurry. This bountiful region produces exceptional fruit such as cherries, wine grapes, apples, and pears. The hunting season and bag limits for both types of quail are combined, with special limits on mountain quail taken in eastern Oregon. They are members of the Phasianidae family, along with. They tend to run uphill and flush down hill often, adding to their popularity with hunters offering numerous chances during a hunt. Pour chicken broth over all,and place lid on your slow cooker. Moreover, Chukar Partridge also has red legs that appeal to its lovers in Pakistan. $125. Despite its fairly obscure existence in American culture, possibly due to the fact that pursuing this bird is in direct opposition to the increasing and…. The face is white with a black gorget. 6 med. Preparation. Over several decades, chukars were released into all suitable areas east of the Cascades. Pour chicken broth over all,and place lid on your slow cooker. Illustration from Hume and Marshall's Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon. Yum. Chukar partridge. Remove them, shred the meat and set aside. Thanks to Peat, Angus, Bob, and on good days when I. Chicks shipped in increments of 50. 333±0. A l ate-season rooster will make some of the most well-trained dogs come unraveled while. Chukars are gray-brown above with a buff belly. The round head of a chukar is white with a black gorget. In some places, the ground-dwelling chukar birds also eat mall insects. Small brushy bushes, often found on the edge of roads and fields make great wind barriers for the birds. Refrigerate for 8 hours. Abstract The field biology of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) was studied in Malakand division, which is an important range of its distribution in Pakistan. Larger than a California Quail, smaller than a Ring-necked Pheasant. Its native habitat is Pakistan, Kashmir, India and Afghanistan. 7 ounces. 13 Years. The chukar (Alectoris chukar) is a non-native species of partridge introduced to North America back in the 1930s. Bighorn Sheep Recipes. It has rufous-streaked flanks, red legs and coral red bill. Bring to a boil, let boil for 1/2 hour and drain water. Pheasants were originally introduced. The chukar ( Alectoris chukar) belongs to the family Phasianidae. Partridges are in many ways little pheasants, with a flavor closer to chicken than their cousins the grouse. On this week’s episode of the Project Upland Podcast, Bob McMichael, Idaho resident, chukar hunting enthusiast,…. Jul 28, 2008. Take a Pillsbury crescent, pull some partridge meat (or rabbit, squirrel, damn near any lean white meat), add a dollop of cream cheese mixture, top with meat, maybe a sprinkle of shredded cheese, then close up the crescent, brush with butter and bake until done, then sprinkle salt on it. 32-35. Small bantams may be used, but choose only the smallest hens to set. The remainder of the habitat should include some wetlands, grassland, and woodland or brushy thickets. Ingredients. Instructions. chukar 63% (maximum) by number, Arabian Partridge 10%, wild A. Target Species: Ruffed grouse, dusky grouse, spruce grouse, California quail, chukar, Hungarian partridge, sage grouse, Columbian sharp-tailed grouse, pheasant. Abstract: Undigested remains from droppings of Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar (Gray) were examined under the microscope for qualitative and quantitative information on the food and feeding habits of this popular sport bird. September 22, 2013. The young Chukar can begin to fly as young as 12 days of age, so be prepared to cover the brooding area with top netting as they grow. Enjoy!!! Add spices during the last 5-10mins, if desired. Oct. Anthony Ferro is a passionate bird hunter and bird dog owner. Let them sit out at room temperature for 20 minutes, while you preheat the oven to 425°F. Serve the sauce over mashed potatoes or polenta and under the chukars. Occasionally, if a bird takes too many pellets, I’ll fry the breast or make soup, and that’s awfully good, too. Chukar Description. Pheasants are the glory bird, conniving and frustrating to hunt. You can’t go wrong… well unless you burn ’em. According to our blog stats, we get hundreds of hits and searches for chukar and upland bird recipes every month. It's chukar season. Keep the dish there for 3 to 8 hours. 1 min Read. Season split birds liberally with salt and pepper. 16 fresh sage leaves 8 large, thin slices prosciutto 8 chukar breast halves (4 whole breasts). Cut up all veggies. Carefully place the prepared Chukar in the oven and roast for about 20 minutes, or until the skin turns a beautiful golden-brown color all around. 1 pt2, pl. They are also both native to different parts of the world. You’ll need to start with a legitimate water source such as a lake, reservoir, stream, creek, pond, water trough, or wildlife guzzlers, also known. Barbary partridges have been unsuccessfully introduced in CaliforniaThe chukar is a rotund 32–35 cm long partridge, with a light brown back, grey breast, and buff belly. This involves using a call to. Like the chukar, both sexes look very similar in coloration and body size. Simmer for 5 minutes. With his German shorthaired pointers, he journeys 2000 miles to the unknown terrain of Hells Canyon for his first change at bird hunting chukar. By LISA BRITTON. Explore. **. Explore Partridge Breast Recipe with all the useful information below including suggestions, reviews, top brands, and related recipes,. That’s a maximum of 1 hour and 20 minutes of time required to get a fantastic finished product. 1cm across. Then bathe each one in your favorite marinara sauce and top off with more cheese. It is so tender and juicy. Deglaze with calvados; put on stove until calvados has almost evaporated. West Virginia Grouse and Woodcock Hunting and Other Small Game. Chukar Partridge. Add vegetables; cook until vegetables are fork-tender, approximately 50 minutes. Over the years their passion is promoting the pursuit of chukar, wild places, and an emphasis on the ethics of hunters. Add carrot, onion, celery, bacon and apple; put pan in oven to roast. Check out Project Upland Magazine latest coverage of hunting in Idaho from public lands, how-to, interviews, upland game, and more. • Continuously evaluate the health of birds throughout the day. Add soy sauce, rice wine vinegar, olive oil, brown sugar, and salt, and mix everything together like your life depended on it. Chukars are generally purchased as day-old chicks, while Hungarians can only be purchased as eggs or. Following Nevada’s first hunting season in 1947, the chukar quickly became the state’s most popular game. These are the chicken of wild game birds. Place the chukar in the prepared baking dish. 96 oz (510 – 680 g), with males being slightly larger than females (males weighing between 510 – 800g; females from 450 – 680g). And people sometimes call it a “partridge. Yet with roughly 80 percent of approximately 650 chukar hunters reporting satisfaction with their experience and 90 percent reporting a lack of crowding in CPW surveys, success may take on a. Baste pheasant with pan juices every 30 minutes during baking. 1) Use skinless chukar breast and quail breast (could substitute with chicken breast, pheasant or quail but we always have chukar in our freezer. Let them sit out at room temperature for 20 minutes, while you preheat the oven to 425°F. Sold. At the end of the body is a short tail which is square. There’s a lot to that old saying “Bigger isn’t always better,” and at MacFarlane Pheasants, we know that good things come in small packages. It runs and scampers up steep terrain with the agility and speed of a mountain goat, prompting hunters to nickname it the "devil bird" for the brutal. The arid, cold environment of the. A black line surrounds the bird’s whitish throat and cheek, and extends over its eyes. and hens 2. September 22, 2013. Also look for red bill and legs and black stripes on sides. Once it is mixed well, put it back in the fridge. Stir often and do not burn. There’s a lot to that old saying “Bigger isn’t always better,” and at MacFarlane Pheasants, we know that good things come in small packages. The largest pheasant breed offered by MacFarlane Pheasants is the extra large ringneck. Chukar Partridge sightings were the lowest in December, with mean±SD = 0. The Chukar Partridge weighs around 1 pound and has well defined black and white bars on the flanks. ) 2) Beat about 3 eggs. Set this aside and return the bones to the stock pot. The incubation period is usually about 23-25 days. com - Recipes - Bird Sauce The second in a six-volume set, "Wild about Game Birds" features more than 60 original recipes for Quail, Pheasant, Wild Turkey, Grouse, Chukar , a. . Around 23 days later, the chicks hatch with open eyes, downy feathers, and the ability to run—all vital defenses against ground. Heat a large stockpot over medium-high heat. Length. Stir to dissolve. The chukar readily interbreeds with the red-legged partridge and rock partridge. Spoon the sauce over the chukar rolls. Chukars are ground-dwelling birds that would rather walk or run than fly. Heat a large saute pan over high heat for 2 minutes. In August, CPW biologists released 168 chukar on public land in the Lower Poudre Canyon. Pheasant season opens November 1 and closes November 30. Totally. Remove the fat from the inside of the partridge cavity, slice off the tail and discard. While both grouse and partridges belong to the Phasianidae. Chukar partridges measure approximately 32-35 centimetres (12. All these birds make superior stock, and the legs, thighs and wings of all are excellent made into confit. Galliformes are generally considered less evolved because they lack the high level of parental care that. Partridges are in many ways little pheasants, with a flavor closer to chicken than their cousins the grouse. Chukars are a popular sporting bird for gamebird hunting as they hold well in cover, and get up and go when flushed. The bird hunting season dates, game bird species available, and other information is subject to change. Duck Tongues. BRIDGER — Despite repeated attempts by the state to establish chukar partridge in Montana, the birds grabbed only a tenuous foothold in a small, rugged, desert-like section of Carbon County,The chukar is often referred to as the Barbary chukar, chuk, Indian chukar, red-leg, and rock partridge. Add salt to the broth and then the wild rice. Try our roast partridge stuffed with spinach and feta. Add another 4-6 cups of water to rice and repeat process until water is clean and/or rice has popped (this could take several hours). When done, pull pheasant and allow to rest. “The purpose of the Foundation is to expose youth to hunting with wild birds and bird dogs, with the hope they can run with it. dry onion soup mix. by Jack Hennessy. Make a brine by bringing the water, salt, bay leaves, juniper and sugar to a boil. It is native to Asia including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, and Iran ( Ahmad et al. Cut up all veggies. 2006-10-12 Drain beans, rinse and place in crockpot. Buy Chukar. Cover and simmer slowly for 90 minutes. It has a light brown back & grayish breasts, as well as a buff stomach. Set this aside and return the bones to the stock pot. I do leave the skin on them, to be honest I didn't pluck them we hunted a game farm where they hunt just birds. Rinse the partridge – inside and out – and dry. 2014-12-05 15:25:58. Add a. Pheasants are the glory bird, conniving and frustrating to hunt. There is a daily bag limit of 6 combined with any chukar taken that day. Depending on the time of year and circumstances under which they were harvested, chukar can. Chukars, as a rule, will not usually sit on their own eggs, so you will need to gather the eggs and place them in an incubator. Set smoker or pellet grill to 180 degrees Fahrenheit using mesquite wood or pellets.